Battlefields and bunkers: Exploring Okinawa's World War II history - CNN.com

　　值得注意的是，周小川還特別強調(diào)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的概念和P2P網(wǎng)貸還是有比較大的區(qū)別，因為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融中很大的一個重頭是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)支付服務(wù)。另外，還有一個內(nèi)容是眾籌，此外還有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)銷售其他金融產(chǎn)品，包括保險產(chǎn)品等。

Known for his intimate portrayals of frontline conditions and stories of the hardships faced by American troops, American war correspondent Ernie Pyle was killed in combat on Ie Shima.

"Never before ... had there been an invasion armada the equal of the 1,600 seagoing ships carrying 545,000 American GIs and Marines that streamed across the Pacific," wrote historian Robert Leckie in Delivered From Evil: The Saga of World War II. "In firepower, troops, and tonnage it eclipsed even the more famous D day in Normandy."

The most comprehensive memorial to the Battle of Okinawa is the Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum, located Itoman City.

"It's our backyard," she says, adding that her research has led to a very different view of her new home.

Getting there:?Himeyuri Peace Museum, 671-1 Aza-Ihara, Itoman, 901-0344;?Open daily, 9 a.m.-5 p.m.,?Okinawa;+81 98 997 2100

Even on the sunniest of days, the internal chambers were dim and dreary, the sandy floor and coral rock walls cool and wet from the ebbing tide.?

Launched on Easter Sunday, April 1, 1945, it was fought in villages and towns -- the island's wartime population was roughly 500,000 -- as well as across the island's forbidding mountain ridges and valleys.

Eternal flame at the Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum.

Looking out, the impact of the war feels shockingly tangible. Perhaps most surprising, this particular location was recorded by the ancient Ryukyu Royal Government as a sacred place of prayer, Kishimako-no-taki, some 200 years before the war.

The din of war and destruction, far from this tranquility and peace, was absolutely unimaginable.

　　◎每經(jīng)記者 朱丹丹 發(fā)自北京

Museum officials assert that the horrors faced during the war form the core of what's called the "Okinawan Heart," a "resilient yet strong attitude to life that the Okinawan people developed, respecting personal dignity, rejecting war and truly cherishing culture."

　　春節(jié)前后，P2P平臺違約事件頻發(fā)，引起監(jiān)管層高度關(guān)注�；ヂ�(lián)網(wǎng)金融監(jiān)管政策的出臺也為時不遠(yuǎn)了。

Portraits of members of Himeyuri unit are displayed at the Himeyuri Peace Momorial Museum.

In front of the Himeyuri Peace Museum is the cave opening of the former field hospital's main facility.

　　“去年金融界在準(zhǔn)備一個對于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的新的政策，這個政策主要體現(xiàn)為支持互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的發(fā)展；另一方面，也要按照現(xiàn)在監(jiān)管的框架給予適度的監(jiān)管。但是這個文件目前還正在起草討論之中，應(yīng)該不久就會與大家見面。在這個過程中，也和業(yè)界做了很多輪的征求意見�！敝苄〈ㄖ赋�。

On June 22, the battle was officially declared over.

Japanese WWII observation post in Nakagusuku Village.

Complete with trench defenses and an underground cave, the Japanese army built the observation post as part its extensive defensive network.

The museum houses numerous exhibits recounting ancient Ryukyuan history, Okinawa's annexation as a prefecture of Japan, the rapid modernization and build-up to war, conditions of battleground Okinawa and continued military presence.

Why then, in light of the long-running foreign military presence, are Okinawans such a happy people??

"I love the ocean," the marine said, perched upon a rock at one of the cave's openings to the sea. "It's hard to imagine the war, though, how loud and scary it must have been."

　　P2P研究咨詢機構(gòu)棕櫚樹CEO洪自華告訴《每日經(jīng)濟新聞》記者，P2P網(wǎng)貸行業(yè)確實問題很多，第一大問題是，很多平臺標(biāo)的是虛假的，這是行業(yè)面臨的最大頑疾；第二個問題是，資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的問題，P2P網(wǎng)貸本質(zhì)上屬于民間借貸，民間借貸的資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量普遍不高，所以要依靠高利率來覆蓋高風(fēng)險，這個模式實際上也是可行的，主要的問題是現(xiàn)在正好是經(jīng)濟下行、金融風(fēng)險暴露頻發(fā)的時期，民間借貸事實上是金融市場的一個補充，民間金融與官方金融市場的房地產(chǎn)、資源行業(yè)、過剩產(chǎn)業(yè)高度相關(guān)。

　　網(wǎng)貸之家數(shù)據(jù)顯示，今年2月爆發(fā)問題的平臺有58家，3月問題平臺的爆發(fā)數(shù)量和發(fā)生率雖然下降了，但老平臺開始集中爆發(fā)問題，如上線4年多的老平臺盛融在線陷入了提現(xiàn)危機，在線待還款金額超過9.2億元�！癙2P網(wǎng)貸出問題比較多，大家也都知道，跑路的問題、違約的問題以及有一些做法不太符合規(guī)定�！敝苄〈ㄖ赋�，“在目前來講，由于它沒有正式申請和取得叫銀行或者叫存款類金融機構(gòu)的執(zhí)照，因此不算做銀行或信用社，從這個角度來說，范疇上來講它還是屬于民間金融�！�

War correspondent Ernie Pyle (1900-1945, far left) observes life aboard a U.S. troopship on its way to Okinawa.

　　自從去年下半年以來，央行牽頭的《關(guān)于促進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融健康發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)意見》隨時可頒布的消息不時傳出。

Assigned to work as nurse assistants, they cared for the injured around the clock, braved bombardment and gunfire carrying water and food to patients and hospital staff and burying the dead.

Ie Shima Village Office; +81 98 049 2001

　　P2P網(wǎng)貸問題比較多

All told, Okinawa was the bloodiest operation of the Pacific War.

An estimated 100,000 Japanese soldiers were killed along with 80,000-100,000 civilians. American casualties amounted to 12,520 killed, including 5,000 at sea, the worst losses suffered in any campaign in the history of the U.S. Navy, and 37,000 wounded.

　　對此，潘功勝也指出，P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的業(yè)態(tài)之一，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融業(yè)態(tài)包括第三方支付、P2P、眾籌、融資以及銀行、保險、證券、資產(chǎn)公司等借助網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺銷售的產(chǎn)品。

American tanks and infantrymen advance under Japanese attack during the Battle of Okinawa.

Known as 1,000 Man Cave, local residents hid in its four large chambers during the three months of fighting.?

Exhausted from years of war and bitter privation, the Japanese withdrew to a final defensive line along the southern coast.

1,000 Man Cave, Ie Shima

Himeyuri Peace Museum

Across the islands, especially the main island in areas easily accessible from Naha, memorials and battle sites have been preserved, commemorating the tragic battle while confirming Okinawans' deep respect for the value of peace.?

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I recently joined a good friend, Kayla, on a jungle trek in search of remnants of the war. Kayla is a military spouse who moved to Okinawa when her husband was assigned here.

　　央行副行長潘功勝也指出，央行對于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融方面基本的態(tài)度，就是鼓勵創(chuàng)新發(fā)展、分類適度監(jiān)管，因為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融中包含不同的業(yè)態(tài)，它的監(jiān)管規(guī)則，所包含的法律關(guān)系、風(fēng)險的性質(zhì)是不太一樣的，所以不同業(yè)態(tài)的監(jiān)管規(guī)則和監(jiān)管的強度是有差別的。央行正在牽頭制定關(guān)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融、促進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融健康發(fā)展的意見，目前正在履行相關(guān)的審批程序，希望能夠早一點出臺。

On March 23, 1945, these students and teachers were inducted into units of the Okinawa Army Field Hospital serving the Japanese Imperial Army.

With American troops barely 100 feet away, army commanders Lieutenant-General Mitsuri Ushijima and Lieutenant-General Isamu Cho donned dress uniforms, sat on a white sheet on a ledge overlooking the sea and committed the ritual suicides befitting their samurai heritage.

During three months of fighting, Okinawa residents took shelter in 1,000 Man Cave.

Getting there: Located in Ginowan/Nakagusuku, 161.8 Kouchi Jinchi?is part of a historic trail used by the Ryukyu Kingdom that stretched from the Southern Shuri Castle to Northern Nakagusuku Castle. Parts of the trail are still walkable, though about 50 percent is currently under renovation. The observation post is in the middle of this trail, accessible by starting at the trail opening from Nakagusuku Castle, or via highway 29, closest landmark is the Okinawa Fire Academy.?

The American military has never left Okinawa. Indeed, today, most international news coverage of the island deals with U.S.-Okinawa tensions, sensitive military aircraft activity and misbehaving service members.

Many of Ie Shima's residents had no way to escape during the fighting, seeking shelter and protection from American bombardment in a cave located at water's edge, on the southern end of island.

Those visiting Ie Shima, a small island just west of Okinawa, will find a quiet, sparsely populated community of farmers and craftsmen.

For more information on Okinawa war history tours, contact the Battle of Okinawa Historical Society via their?Facebook page.

In its 1989 dedication address, the Himeyuri Alumnae Foundation described the fate of the students once Japanese defense of Okinawa became untenable.

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Christopher Dong is a freelance-writer based in Okinawa.

Suddenly dismissed on June 18, 1945, "the students had nowhere to go under the U.S. siege, some killed in the battle raging around them, while others killed themselves with shells or hand grenades."

On April 16, 1945, Ie Shima saw some of the worst fighting, with Japanese forces augmented by the island's organized resident defense force. About 6,000 defenders lost their lives that day, including Ie Shima's volunteer men and women.

來源：搜狐網(wǎng) 更新時間：2016-03-13 06:57:27 分類：科技 關(guān)鍵詞：周小川

The Himeyuri Peace Museum is dedicated to preserving the memory of 240 students and teachers from the Female Division of the Okinawa Normal School and Okinawa First Girls' High School.

Getting there: Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum, 614-1 Aza-Mabuni, Itoman City, 901-0333, Okinawa;?Open daily,?9 a.m.--5 p.m.; +81 098 997 3844

I visited the cave with a U.S. Marine stationed at the island's training facility, one of only 11 American service members living on Ie Shima.

With 300 meters open to the public, visitors can view portions of the tunnel complex and hallways housing troop berthing, the commanding officer's quarters and a shrapnel-riddled staff room where Ota and his officers committed suicide hours before U.S. forces gained access.

With a research library, dramatic recreations, original artifacts and survivor testimonies, the museum offers visitors a view of Okinawa's war-stricken past, while offering a vision of hope for the future.?

Visitors are encouraged to observe a moment of silence or prayer for the students. Many offer flowers in dedication.