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負(fù)壓風(fēng)機(jī)機(jī)殼: are anti-smoking measures working互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融進(jìn)

瀏覽原文:/news/health-31819352

來(lái)源：Bbc 更新時(shí)間：2016-03-12 10:29:25 分類：News

　　近兩年來(lái)，我國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融已經(jīng)形成六大較為清晰的架構(gòu)，分別為P2P貸款、第三方支付、小貸公司、眾籌融資、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)整合銷售金融產(chǎn)品、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)貨幣，并以此主脈絡(luò)為發(fā)展方向。

　　還要設(shè)置實(shí)質(zhì)性的風(fēng)控措施，建立企業(yè)風(fēng)控系統(tǒng)與線下審核雙保險(xiǎn)機(jī)制。準(zhǔn)備相應(yīng)的“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)準(zhǔn)備金”運(yùn)行措施。即從每筆借款中計(jì)提一定比例（一般為2%-3%）作為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)準(zhǔn)備金。出現(xiàn)壞賬，則先用平臺(tái)準(zhǔn)備的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)準(zhǔn)備金墊付，再去催收。若壞賬高于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)準(zhǔn)備金時(shí)，則會(huì)暫停墊付。因此，在投資人沒(méi)有抵押物做保障時(shí)，只依靠風(fēng)險(xiǎn)準(zhǔn)備金作為本息保障的承諾也隱藏一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Does that mean that tough legislation doesn't work? Not necessarily. The proportion of smokers used to be so high that it was only natural as the evidence grew about the risks the numbers would fall relatively quickly.

　　資金安全“全覆蓋”監(jiān)管

　　王均金提出，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融離不開(kāi)法律法規(guī)的保障，應(yīng)盡快以立法的形式明確互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的性質(zhì)和法律地位，對(duì)其組織形式、準(zhǔn)入資格、經(jīng)營(yíng)模式、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范、監(jiān)督管理和處罰措施等進(jìn)行規(guī)范。進(jìn)一步提高前瞻能力，在現(xiàn)有法規(guī)、制度基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)其進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)修訂、補(bǔ)充與完善，彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)有監(jiān)管制度在覆蓋互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融方面的空白；加快互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融技術(shù)部門規(guī)則和國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)涉及的技術(shù)環(huán)節(jié)較多，對(duì)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定工作應(yīng)盡快提上日程。

　　2014年9月，上海華瑞銀行正式獲批籌建，根據(jù)春節(jié)后上海銀監(jiān)局公布的信息，這家注冊(cè)資本30億元的民營(yíng)銀行，經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍包括吸收公眾存款，發(fā)放短期、中期和長(zhǎng)期貸款，辦理結(jié)算和票據(jù)等業(yè)務(wù)，暫時(shí)未見(jiàn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融方面的業(yè)務(wù)。銀監(jiān)局還建議，其未來(lái)的經(jīng)營(yíng)方向，應(yīng)以主要服務(wù)區(qū)內(nèi)小微企業(yè)和社會(huì)大眾為己任，為探索民營(yíng)銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)管理模式作出貢獻(xiàn)。

　　P2P“跑路癥結(jié)”形成

Focussing solely on the numbers of smokers also misses an important element of what campaigners and ministers are trying to achieve with the legislation.

Since the 1970s, the proportion of the population which has never smoked increased from 37% to 58%.

　　首先便是完善監(jiān)管規(guī)則。從資金安全考慮，不做資金池、不做虛假項(xiàng)目、不自融、不擔(dān)保，并引入完全獨(dú)立毫無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)的第三方機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行資金監(jiān)管。

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融進(jìn)一步規(guī)范時(shí)機(jī)已到 -搜狐IT

　　“盡管互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融目前還不足以構(gòu)成即時(shí)巨大的系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的‘野蠻生長(zhǎng)’，可能間接傳導(dǎo)影響到金融體系的安全與穩(wěn)定，由此也會(huì)形成實(shí)質(zhì)性的沖擊。為促進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的健康發(fā)展，必須規(guī)范�！比珖�(guó)人大代表、均瑤集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)王均金認(rèn)為。

This is what ministers and health campaigners call "denormalising" smoking - and in trying to achieve that goal, it could be said no stone is being left unturned.

Are anti-smoking measures working?

'Modest' impact

　　均瑤集團(tuán)是上海華瑞銀行的主要發(fā)起機(jī)構(gòu)之一。由此，王均金在本屆兩會(huì)期間專門針對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融領(lǐng)域的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)做了調(diào)研，針對(duì)時(shí)下一些P2P運(yùn)作者攜款“跑路”的癥結(jié)做了一番梳理。在此基礎(chǔ)上，針對(duì)野蠻生長(zhǎng)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融江湖，監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)如何建設(shè)更有效的制度，起草了一份議案??《關(guān)于促進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融健康發(fā)展的建議》。

Between 1982 and 2006, the number of 15-year-olds who regular smoked hovered between 20% and 25%, according to the Health and Social Care Information Centre. Since then it has dropped to 8%.

　　但不管出于何種目的，“跑路”現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重?fù)p害公眾利益，給社會(huì)穩(wěn)定帶來(lái)諸多問(wèn)題，也同時(shí)給這個(gè)新興的行業(yè)帶來(lái)信用危機(jī)。

　　在王均金看來(lái)，我國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的飛速發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新，很大程度上得益于監(jiān)管部門的寬容與善意�；ヂ�(lián)網(wǎng)金融既是金融行業(yè)的創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展，也是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)金融的重要補(bǔ)充，其零距離、低成本、參與的民主性和自由度等特點(diǎn)，決定了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融具有旺盛的生命力和創(chuàng)造力。

　　設(shè)立國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)準(zhǔn)備金”

　　王均金此份議案還分析了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融出現(xiàn)的危機(jī)，給實(shí)體金融帶來(lái)的沖擊，以及傳統(tǒng)金融與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、相互依存的邏輯關(guān)系。同時(shí)，傳統(tǒng)金融業(yè)監(jiān)管的嚴(yán)格性與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融瘋長(zhǎng)的自由性，存在顯性沖突。

　　王均金提出的監(jiān)管思路，看起來(lái)比目前暫行的規(guī)范要嚴(yán)格得多。他認(rèn)為，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融應(yīng)盡快明確網(wǎng)絡(luò)融資納入社會(huì)融資總量、虛擬貨幣納入金融監(jiān)管范疇，余額寶等貨幣投資的銀行存款納入存款準(zhǔn)備金管理，網(wǎng)絡(luò)融資平臺(tái)納入央行反洗錢監(jiān)管等，為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融規(guī)范和有序發(fā)展提供依據(jù)。

"It impossible to prove exactly what impact each piece of legislation has had and you have to see it all in context of the health awareness campaigns that have been run too. Whatever we are doing, it is working."

　　互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融創(chuàng)新層出不窮，這不僅意味著新的金融模式的出現(xiàn)，也意味著需要新的監(jiān)管法規(guī)。而當(dāng)前互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的監(jiān)管法規(guī)尚不完善，有些互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融模式已經(jīng)涌現(xiàn)，但相關(guān)監(jiān)管規(guī)定還處于滯后狀態(tài)。市場(chǎng)也期待監(jiān)管機(jī)關(guān)盡快完善互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的監(jiān)管。

Firstly, some of it has been aimed at reducing exposure to second-hand smoke - something that the smoking ban in public places certainly achieved, according to research published in 2011 by Stirling University.

　　二是市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作過(guò)程監(jiān)管，即對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)經(jīng)營(yíng)過(guò)程中的日常監(jiān)督、流動(dòng)性監(jiān)管，主要包括業(yè)務(wù)范圍、流動(dòng)性、資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量、市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等監(jiān)督；同時(shí)，通過(guò)第三方機(jī)構(gòu)（銀行或第三方支付機(jī)構(gòu)）的資金監(jiān)管，控制資金的流程，防范平臺(tái)在資金交易過(guò)程中的不規(guī)則，杜絕平臺(tái)的監(jiān)守自盜。

　　他舉例稱，比如，P2P行業(yè)未來(lái)應(yīng)有所為有所不為，明確其不能做資金池，P2P平臺(tái)不能通過(guò)與投資者簽協(xié)議，先把錢圈進(jìn)來(lái)后再找借款項(xiàng)目，因?yàn)檫@樣就等同于銀行中介，是絕對(duì)不能碰的紅線之一。

But do these measures work? A quick glance at the smoking rate can give the impression they don't.

What you are left with is the hard-core group of smokers. This is the point we have reached now - hence the desire among health experts to keep pushing for ever tougher measures.

11 March 2016 Last updated at 15:27

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Article written by Nick Triggle Health correspondent

Are anti-smoking measures working?

More from Nick

Take a look at what has happened over the past decade. There has been a ban on smoking in public places, the introduction of graphic warnings on packs and a ban on shops displaying tobacco products.

　　現(xiàn)任均瑤集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)的王均金，兼任上海吉祥航空股份有限公司董事長(zhǎng)，江蘇無(wú)錫商業(yè)大廈集團(tuán)有限公司董事長(zhǎng)，上海市世界外國(guó)語(yǔ)小學(xué)、中學(xué)董事長(zhǎng)。

　　在這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，他提出了“全覆蓋”監(jiān)管模式。主要從三個(gè)方面展開(kāi)：一是市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入監(jiān)管。王均金認(rèn)為應(yīng)提高互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)準(zhǔn)入門檻，對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)立進(jìn)行審批。審核要點(diǎn)包括：金融機(jī)構(gòu)存在的必要性和生存能力等，從企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)資金、系統(tǒng)安全技術(shù)上嚴(yán)格把關(guān)。

A history of smoking legislation in the UK

And in recent years the progress in discouraging children from taking up smoking has been particularly impressive.

Now it appears standardised packaging is going to be introduced, following hot-on-the heels of the decision last month to ban smoking in cars when children are present.

What is more, even this latest step is only likely to have a "modest" impact, according to Sir Cyril Chantler, the paediatrician who reviewed the evidence on standardised packaging for the government last year.

Along with Australia, the UK can probably claim to be the toughest nation in the world when it comes to trying to stub out smoking.

　　本報(bào)記者李伊琳上海報(bào)道

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鋒速達(dá)通風(fēng)降溫系統(tǒng)

負(fù)壓風(fēng)機(jī)機(jī)殼: are anti-smoking measures working互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融進(jìn)

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融進(jìn)一步規(guī)范時(shí)機(jī)已到 -搜狐IT

Are anti-smoking measures working?

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Are anti-smoking measures working?

More from Nick